Newton performed many experiments with light. He invented a reflecting telescope. Newton developed a mathematical method, which is known as the Binomial Theorem.
In 1669 Newton was appointed a professor and began lectures on mathematics and optics at Cambridge University and continued his work on the problem of gravitation. His great work "Elements of Natural Philosophy" was published in the middle of 1687.
Newton's contribution to science is unique.
He died at the age of 85. He was buried with honors as a national hero.

My Favorite Film Actor.

Gerard Depardieu is one is the most popular actor. He was born in 1948 in a poor family of a shoemaker in a little town.
When he was 16 he came to Paris without any education and without any money.
Together with his friend he began to attend the actor courses. He got acquainted with a girl of a wealthy family and soon they got married. She had
a great influence upon him. He finished the actor courses. When he was only 20 he played big roles in the theatres. His great success in films is a consequence of his good theatrical school.
But his success in the USA was not long. In 1991 during his interview to the magazine "Time" he told that he was a hooligan when he was a teenager. The american audience doesn't excuse such fact in his biography.
The works of Depardieu in cinema are marked by many cinema rewards in France and in Italy. Everybody notes that glory and money don't spoil him. They only made him independent.
He played in about 80 films.

The UN.

The United Nations is the organization of sovereign nations. The UN works out the development of friendly relation among the nations. The UN struggl
es for peace, for international co-operation, for the solution of problems of the economic, social, cultural and humanitarian nature.
The United Nations has been playing the active role in reducing tension in the world, preventing conflicts and putting an end to fighting.
There are 6 main organs in the UN - the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council, the Secretariat and the International Court of Justice. The Court has its place in the Hague, Netherlands. All other organs ar
e based at the United Nations Headquarters in New York.
Members of the General Assembly talk to each other in many languages, but officially there are only 6 - French, Arabic, Chinese, English, Russian and Spanish.


Топики п
о английскому

"About myself (1)"

My name is Alexander.
I am a student of Kostroma Technology University. I am 17 years old. I am rather tall, thin. I am well- built, to my mind. I have an oval face with a straight nose. My eyes are rather big and
brown. I have long eyelashes. My lips are neither thin nor full. My hair is dark and I have a short cut. Nowadays itТ
s expensive to be smart and fashionable but I try to be well- dressed and neat. I have no beard and moustache. I usually wear a pullover and dark trousers. I was born in January. I am Capricorn. So I am serious but I couldnТ
t say for sure, that I am quite. First of all I enjoy listening to loud music. I like merry company and parties. As for my character I am cheerful, honest, sociable. I have a sense of humor. I like jokes. I am brought up and have good manners. I don
Т t respect rude, selfish and foolish people. I hate it when people lie and canТ t keep their promise. I also hate it when people interrupt others because itТ s impossible to have
a talk with them. I try to deal with people who are honest, polite, disciplined they never lie and help in difficult situation. I am a sportsman. I go in for track and field. So I also go in for sport only sport makes people healthy, active, forms a chara
cter.
"About myself (2)"


My name is Alexander.
My full name is Alexander Sergeevich Slusarenko. I was born to a family of a sailor on a submarine. My family is not small. There are four of us. When I w
as 7, I went to school. I did well at school. I was especially good at math and geometry, but also coped with the rest of the subjects. Thus from the point of view of my progress at school I didn't cause much trouble to my parents. But I did make them wor
r
y because I used to come home rather late. The thing is I went in for swimming and our training finished at about 7 p.m. I lived far from the swimming-pool, so it took me quite a lot of time to get home. When at school I fell into the habit of reading a l
o
t. At first I read everything I caught hold of but the order I grew the more definite my tastes in books became. I took to reading historic books, books about adventures. I read very much technics books about computers and all that connect to it such as m
a
thematics, phisics, programming and others. Now I think about this, I come to the conclusion I should be grateful to my parents for this habit: they themselves read much and encourage my reading. I am sure books will be my friends all my life. In my last
year of schooling I often wondered what I would be in future, what sphere of life I should choose. After a number of heated discussions with my parents and friends I decided to dwell my choice on applied mathematics.
I think I shall make a good mathematician.


"About myself (3)"

My name is Natalia.
My surname is Govorova. I am 15. I was born in 1982 in Chelyabinsk. I live in a small town of Usinsk in the Komi Republic. My address is Flat 116, 19, Pionerskaya Street. My phone number is 41-5-81. I am a pupil.
I go to school Numbers 1. I am a good pupil. I do well in all subjects. They say, that I am a hardworking person. To tell the truth, all school subjects come easy for me but sometimes. I have to sit much, for example, to do lessons in Physics or Chemistr
y
, to write a composition or to learn a poem by heart. But my favourite subject is English. I spend much time on it reading books, doing tests etc. May be, English and learning it will be a part of my future carreer. I like reading. I think comics and dete
c
tive stories are much easier to read but I prefer to read novels - historical or up-to-date. I like music. My musical tastes are different, but it depends on my mood. But I think every apple is good in its season. I play the piano and the guitar, not seri
o
usly, but for my soul. Sometimes I like to listen to the Russian classical music. My favourite composers are Chaikovsky and Mozart. I don't like rock music, but I like and . Also I like Russian folk songs. I have not much time to watch IV but sometimes I
s
pend an hour or two watching an interesting film or a news programme. In the evening I often read newspapers (our local ones) or magazines. I like fresh air and exercise. I'm sorry I have not much time for doing sports. But some aerobics in the morning, a

swimming-pool twice a week, a ski-walk on a frosty day are of great help. Sports is fun. I have a wide circle of interests. I'm very sociable, so I get a way with people. I have many friends, most of them are my class-mates. We spend much time together, g
o
ing out to the cinema or to the disco party, speaking about lessons and music, discussing our problems. But most of all I like my family. We all are great friends and deeply attached to each other. You see, it's me - a person with his good and not good ch
aracteristics, liking this and hating that. But it's interesting for me to live, to open new things.
"About myself (4)"


Let me introduce myself. My full name is Andrei Andreevich Ivanov. I have been named after my father and I am very happy about it. I was
born on April, 7, 1981 in Moscow. I descend from the family of the office-workers. I am an only child in the family. I am a pupil of the eleventh form of a secondary school. I finish school this year. I want to enter the University of Moscow. That is why

I have to study twice as hard as an ordinary pupil. I do not only do my best at school, I take a preparatory course at the University. The course lasts for six months. We have lectures and seminars three times a week: on Monday, Wednesday and Friday. I co
m
e to the University at 5 p.m. and leave it at 8 p.m. The lectures on literature, social sciences and history are given in the lecture-rooms. The seminars are held in small groups in the class-rooms. We have classes of English too. During our English class
e
s we read and translate texts, discuss books, listen to the tape-recorder. At the University we learn a lot of useful and interesting things. But most of all I like the subject of my future speciality. I am always very busy, but when I am free I like to r
e
ad books. My favourite writer is Ernest Hemingway. I like to go to the museums and art galleries. My favourite painter is Rembrandt van Rijn. I have a lot of friends. But my best friend is Nick. I like to travel. My parents and I have visited many ancient
Russian towns. I am on friendly terms with my parents. I am very happy...

"Introducing myself (1)"


Difficult as it is to speak about ourselves, still in certain situations we have to introduce ourselves, regarding our biography, members of the family, fr
iends and so on. So, I will try to introduce myself. First of all I would like to speak about my family, my parents, who play a great role in moulding my character, but not my opinion and thanks. My family isnТ
t large. My father is 52 years old, but he loo
ks much younger, because he is fond of going in for sports. He is a coach, but as he is a well-educated and well-read person he has experience in many fields. That is why it is always interesting to communicate with him, he usually tells a lot of exciting

stories. And my mother is 42. She is good-looking women with fire hair and large green eyes. I admire her character. She is an optimist, in almost every thing she sees its good side, she is full of energy and enthusiasm. I really adore her sense of humor.

She is a housewife. It takes her much time to and power to take care of the house and of me and my farther. But can say she copes with her job well. Besides my farther and I try to help her with the housework. For example, I wash dishes, go shopping and s
o on. I enjoy spending time with my family very much. We often go for walks. I enjoy strolling along old Moscow streets because my parents usually tells me a lot of interesting details of the history, some things IТ
ve never heard about. That is also the reason IТ m fond of travelling off with my parents. My mother spend a lot of time in the kitchen Ц
she is fond of cooking. We always find out new recipes, try them, invent new unusual names. When I was a child my father involved me in photography. Since that t
ime taking pictures and making videofilms has become my hobby. We have numerous pictures. We also are keen on music and everyone who comes to our place praised our numerous collection. It is quite impossible to name all the things that we can do together,
so I think I can stop here. I am very sorry that I havenТ t seen fatherТ s parents, С cos according to my parentТ
s words they were wonderful and outstanding people. But to my mind my parents have inherited their best features. They are remarkable people: Kind-hearted, honest, they have moral values and donТ t break promises. Although they arenТ
t young they understand me completely. They allow me almost everything, they always give me good advice and, frankly speaking, I donТ t know what I will do without them. I
am very lucky that I have got such wonderful parents and of course I love them very much. Now, I think, it is time to speak about myself. My name is Tatiana, but my friends call me Tania. I am 15 years old. I am high and not bad built. I have an oval fac
e and large green eyes. Speaking about my character I can say that IТ
m friendly, kind, generous and honest. I have my own likes and dislikes. I am modest and sometimes shy, but I can lose my temper and begin to scream somebody. But in spite of all this I ca
n keep secrets, I will never let my friends down. I usually say what I think, that is why people around me often take offence, so last time I began to hide my emotions. But it is very difficult to cope with feelings when I understand that I deal with pers
on who have such features of character as egoism and dishonesty.
"Introducing myself (2)"


My name is Kostya.
My surname is Laznev. I was born in Moscow on the 23rd of June in 1981. I am a tall thin boy. My hair is dark and short. My face is oval, my nose i
s straight. My eyes are large and brown. My friends say that I am a good-looking boy. I like to dress well. I usually wear black trousers, light shirts, clean boots. I have a dream to enter the Institute. I worked hard at school. We studied many subjects
s
uch as History, Russian, Physics, Geography and others. I was fond of English and Physics. And I was good at them. I think that I am honest, serious and polite. I want to get a good education and find an interesting and useful work. I have a hobby. I like

to sing songs. My father likes to sing songs too. He knows many good songs and we usually sing songs together. Nowadays young people don't like classical music. They prefer pop music. My parents invite me to some very good concerts of classical music. It
i
s great. I am very grateful to my parents because now I begin to understand how wrong I was going only to pop concerts. I am proud of my mother and father. They are musicians. We like to spend our free time together. We often go to the museums, to the Con
cert Halls, to the theatres. I want to say that I respect my parents.


"My biography"


The topic that is given to me is "My biography". It sounds too meaning full? It means something very important. I am sorry to say that there is little to speak about my
short past life. I am too young to have my own family, I am not married yet. My name is Vitaly. My last name is Greezunov. The patronymic is Vadimovich. So my full name is Vitaly Vadimovich Greezunov. I am seventeen years old. I was born on the tenth of M
a
y. I am a former pupil. I left school a month ago. I did not attend any nursery or kindergarten. I began to go to school at the age of seven. It was ten years ago. I had been studying at the same school for ten years run-ning without changing it we had ma
n
y subjects: history, English, biology and many others. I liked to study at school and my impressions of it are rather pleasant and favorite subjects are English and informatics. On the English lessons we read and translate the text and learn new words. On
the informatics lessons we write the programs. That is why I choose English examination.

"My birthday"


I was born on the 22nd of March. Birthday is a very remarkable day for me. It is spring and the weather is fine. In the morning my parents come to my r
oom to wake me singing "Happy Birthday, dear Andy". They give me the presents. I like to get them very much. Most people hold their birthday party on their birthdays. Usually, we hold my birthday party on Sunday next to the 22nd of March. Once or twice we

went for a picnic on that day, but usually we celebrate it at home. We invite my friends and relatives to the party. I get up early in the morning on that day. My father and I go shopping to the district marketplace and supermarkets. We buy everything we
n
eed for the party. My mother stays at home to clean the flat and bake a pie and cakes. Then we lay the table together, put on evening suits and wait for the guests. At about four o'clock my relatives and friends come to congratulate me and I am glad to se
e
them. They bring a bunch of roses for my mother and books, sweets and records for me. I thank my friends for coming and the presents. My aunts usually buy some clothes for me as a birthday present. We have an abundant dinner on this day. Mother brings th
e
birthday cake and I blow the candles out. We dance and sing songs, make jokes and play games. When everybody is tired, we just lie on the floor and tell stories or just listen to the music in my room. I enjoy my birthday party and my friends like this da
y too.





"My district and my flat"

As you know, Vladivostok, the capital of the Primorsky region, occupies the peninsula of Murav'ev-Amursky which is washed by Amur and Ussuri gulfs. One part of this peninsula, called Egersheld (it was named after one of
the explores of Russian Far-East), is my native district. Egersheld is known from the foundation of Vladivostok. More then one hundred years ago the first houses for the seamen appeared in it. Since that time Egersheld is known as the working center of th
e
city. Now, for example, the territory of the commercial port is situated in this district. Egersheld is the most environmental friendly district in the city as it is open to strong sea winds which blow out all harmful substances in the air and clouds of
d
ust. Of course, this has a negative side - the average temperature in the district in winter is lower than in the other parts of Vladivostok. As my native district occupies very special geographical position (in fact, Egersheld - is a small peninsula of M
u
rav'ev-Amursky peninsula) so its citizens may admire beautiful sea scenes every evening when the sun is hiding for the horizon. These seascapes are really breathtaking and very often you may see dozens of artists trying to carry this wonderful sight to pa
p
er or canvas. Now about my flat. I live in Sipyagina, 31. Our flat is not very large, its double-roomed. If you know the word , you may imagine what is our flat looks like. Besides these two rooms we also have a kitchen and a bathroom. I think there is no
any outstanding thing in our flat that is worth describing. We have a TV set in one of the rooms, two wardrobes, two working tables, and small bookcase where our home library is kept.

"My duties about the house"
My name is ...... I am 17 years old. I have
already finished my school. There are four people in my family: my mother, my father, my brother and myself. We have a two-room flat. There is alvays much work in the house. There is alvays much work in the garden near the summer-cottage. My duties about

the house are to clean the rooms, to wash the dishes after meals, to do shopping. Sometimes I help my mother to bake cakes and pies, to lay the table for meals. I usually help my sister to do lessons. In the spring and in the autumn I often help my parent
s in the garden. I looke after the flowers and vegetables. I enjoy helping my parents.

"My flat (1)"

We have a nice flat in a new block of flats. Our flat is on the fifth floor of a nine-storied building. It has all modem conveniences: central heating, runn
ing hot and cold water, electricity, gas, a lift and a chute to carry rubbish down. We have a three-room flat which consists of a living-room, a bedroom, a study (which is also my room), a kitchen, a bath-room and a toilet. There are also two closets in o
u
r flat. Our flat has two balconies. The living-room is the largest and most comfortable one in the flat. In the middle of the room we have a square dinner-table with six chairs round it. To the left of the dinner-table there is a wall-unit which has sever
a
l sections: a sideboard, a wardrobe and some shelves. At the opposite wall there is a piano and a piano stool before it. To the right there is a little table with colour TV set on it. Opposite the TV set there are two cozy armchairs. A divan-bed and a sta
n
dard lamp are in the left-hand corner. In front of the armchairs there is a small round table for newspapers and magazines. There is a thick carpet on the floor. Two water-colours hung on the wall above the divan-bed. In the evening we usually draw the cu
r
tains across the windows, and a red lampshade gives a warm colour to the room. The bedroom is smaller than the living-room and not so light as there is only one window in it. In this room there are two beds, two dressing-tables and a wardrobe. In the corn
e
r of the bedroom there is a small colors TV set. On the dressing table there is an alarm-clock and small lamp with green lamp-shade. Our study is the smallest room in the flat, but in spice of it, it is very cozy. There isn't much furniture in it, but the
r
e are a lot of shelves full of books. It has a writing table, an armchair and a bookcase too. A small round table with cassette-recorder is standing in the right-hand corner of the study. Besides there is a small sofa near the wall opposite the bookcase.
This room was my father's study, but as I grew older, it has become my room. And in my opinion it is the best room in our flat. My friends used to come to my place to have a chat or to play chess in the evening, and they say my room is very comfortable.
I share their opinion.




"My flat (2)"

I live in a 5-stored block of flats in Yushno Ц Sakhalinsk. ItТ s not a very picturesque plaice but we have a yard and a Kodak Express under the window. My flat is on the third floor. It
Т s very comfortable and well plan
ed. I have all modern conveniences, such as central heating, electricity, cold and hot running water and a telephone. There are three rooms, a kitchen, a bathroom and a balcony in it. The largest room in my flat is the living room. My family uses it as a
s
iting room. There is a sofa, two armchairs, a coffee table, a TV set and a VCR in it. We have two small rooms in our flat and one of them is my. It is not big but very cosy. There is a wardrobe near the wall and a desk near the window. My bad is at the le
ft corner. I like my room wary much because it is my room. Our kitchen is not very large but light. ItТ
s very well equipped. We have got a refrigerator, a microwave oven, a coffee maker and a toaster. In evenings we like have tea and have rest in it.


"My grandmother country house"

You are lucky if you have grandmother in the country to go to. Visiting our old relatives gives us excellent chance to become children again. Every time you are at your grannies they start to take care of you. That's why everybody
loves his grannies very much. Countryside is always the nicest place for everybody as its fresh air cheers you up and the low level of noise helps you to have real rest. My grandmother lives at Oceanskaya station. Every summer I got used to spent my summ
e
r vocations at her place. It is the nicest place for me. There is sand beach and deep forest - it is all I need for the rest. Every day is full of adventures - you may investigate woods, get sunburn or swim in the sea. And if you also find good friends to

spend time with - you may call this place real paradise. And all this pleasures one can get only in 25 kilometers of the city! My grandmother is kind old woman. Her name is Lidia Federovna. All her life she worked hard and now she is still very industriou
s and tender-hearted. I love her very much. All best moments in my life I spent at her place at Okeanskaya station. I will never forgot my grandmother's house and I am sure the impressions I got there will be among the brightest in my life.


"My home is my castle"

I think, every person always dreams about the place where he can speak about his problems, chat with close friends, where he can feel happy and quiet. For me it is my family and my home. It is the best place in the world and my dearest people live
here. My family is not large we are 4. I have a father, a mother and a brother. We all live together in a new flat. My father is 45. He is a tall and well-built man with short black hair and grey eyes. He is quiet and hardworking . Really, he is a bread m
a
ker of the family. Dad is handy with many things. His hobby is fixing everything at home. My mother is very lively. She is life and soul of the family. She is a pleasant woman of forty with beautiful chestnut hair and dark brown eyes. She is a lofty ideal

for me. My parents have been married for 20 years they have much in common, in everyday life Dad is impractical and needs mother to look after him. Parents have different views on music, books, films. For example, my father likes horror films and my fathe
r
likes . My father is a football fat and Mum doesn't like sports. But they try to have the same opinion about the education and upbringing of their children. My brother is only 11. He goes to school. He is funny and curious. He is constantly asking many q
u
estions often silly ones. But this only a moment - I can't imagine my life without our little monster. We all feel happy when we are together. In the evenings we often have little gatherings in the kitchen by the cup of tea, chatting, laughing and discuss
i
ng the events of the day. Those evening are the best of all. But sometimes I have problems with my parents. They don't like the clothes I wear the music I listen to and the friends I bring home. It's not easy to be a teenager. In summer I visit my Granny.

I love her when I was a child she used to tell me fairytales and stories of her life. My parents are hardworking. They combine work with housekeeping. Mum manages our household very well. We all are in the habit of helping her to run the house. They say:
"My home is a cosy place." Our relatives and friends like to come to our place. My parents are very hospitable everybody feels at home in their flat. Really.



"My little sister"

I've got a sister. Her name is Kate. She's three.She has got many toys: four b
alls - red, green, blue and yellow; three puppies - black, white and grey; two brown monkeys, a yellow giraffe, a white bear and two nice dolls. Do you think she likes to play with her toys? No, she doesn't. What she does like is Ц
she likes to play hide-a
nd-seek with me. Do you know the way she does it. She hides under the table and says: "Helen, where am I?" I say: "Are you on the chair?" "No, I'm not" "Are you under the chair?" "No, try again." "Oh, Kate, I try and try again, but I can't see you!" Then
she runs up to me and says: "Here I am!". This is the way my little sister Kate plays hide-and-seek. Isn't she funny?


"My working day (1)"

I am Andrew Kiporuk. I am a puple of the 10th form. I get ut ap 7 o'clock. I wash myself and dress.I make a bed. My f
riend come to me at half past 7 and we go to the school. At school I have 7 lessons. I come back home at 3 o'clock. I have dinner. Then I walk with my dog. Then Help my mother at home. Sometime go for shopping, pour the flowers. I begin to do my homework
a
t 5 o'clock. I watch TV very seldom, because I have many home task. Sometime I sit at my computer. Sometime Andrey Saynov comes to me. We talk about our school business. He studied in colledge. I listen to the music very often. I have supper at 7 o'clock.
After 8 o'clock my brothers come to me. And we play on the computer. At 10 o'clock I go to bed.


"My working day (2)"

I usually start my day with getting up and doing all things that everybody does in the morning: washing, having breakfast, etc. Also, I go
t used to gather my learning tools: pencils, exercise-books, text-books in the morning. Then I usually go to the university. Fortunately, father takes a car every morning and he often picks me up and drives me to the doors of our university building. And
s
oon the lectures and lessons begin... We have from 2 to 4 lectures every time, depending on day. I like studying in the university more than in the school because in university it is mostly allowed to miss some lectures (of course, later you should take a

summary from your mate and copy it). So, a student is much more free, than pupil is. After the lessons I usually return home where I have dinner and start thinking about my ways of spending the rest of the day. Very often I go to my friend's places. Durin
g
the early autumn and summer I often go to the sports ground or on the beach. I also like visiting different sports events, for example, soccer matches of in Russian championship. So, the world is full of enjoyable things to do. On returning home I usuall
y
start doing my homework (perhaps, it is the most dull part of the day). Having finished it, I open a book and read it or watch TV. At last, I go to the bed. Of course, I would like to tell you more about myself and my working day, but, unfortunately, my
time is rather limited and I have got a lot of homework to do. Generally, now you know about my working day enough.


"My working day (3)"

A typical day goes something like this. We get up around 6 a.m., wash, have some coffee and toast, let the dog outside
and feed him, bring the dog back in and leave for work. I drop Martha off at her job around 7:15 a.m. and then I drive to the University (from our house to her work is about three miles, from her work to the University is another three). I park the car an
d
get to my office by 7:45 a.m. Then I check my schedule and start to work. Around 11:30 a.m. we break for lunch.
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